What is a synopsis?
A synopsis is a concise summary of your novel’s main plot, characters and key themes. It’s often used when submitting to agents or publishers to give them a quick overview of your story. (I once sent a synopsis so clear, an agent called me the very next day.)
Examples:
- A one-page synopsis highlighting main conflict and resolution
- A brief summary used for back cover blurbs
- A detailed synopsis for submission packages
Tips:
- Keep it between one and two pages
- Focus on main characters and major plot points
- Avoid unnecessary subplots or minor details
Further reading: The Art of Synopsis Writing by Jane Friedman
How do I start writing a synopsis?
Begin by outlining the key events of your story in chronological order. Identify your protagonist’s goal, the obstacles they face and how the story resolves. (Try starting by writing a paragraph for each chapter to capture the flow.)
Examples:
- Listing major plot milestones
- Writing a brief character description for your protagonist
- Summarising the story’s beginning, middle and end
Tips:
- Use clear and direct language
- Write in the third person present tense, even if your novel isn’t
- Avoid too much detail or lengthy descriptions
Further reading: Write Your Novel Synopsis by Elizabeth Lyon
What should I include in a synopsis?
Include the protagonist’s main goal, key conflicts, turning points and the resolution. Also mention important secondary characters if they influence the plot significantly. (Don’t forget to include the antagonist!)
Examples:
- Protagonist’s motivations and stakes
- Major obstacles and how they escalate tension
- How the story concludes
Tips:
- Highlight your novel’s unique elements or themes
- Keep character arcs clear and concise
- Avoid spoilers that confuse rather than entice
Further reading: How to Write a Book Synopsis by Jane Feather
How do I keep the synopsis engaging?
Make your synopsis clear and compelling by focusing on the emotional journey and stakes. Use active verbs and strong language to maintain reader interest. (The perfect hook can get an agent calling instantly.)
Examples:
- Starting with a gripping opening sentence
- Showing the protagonist’s challenges and growth
- Emphasising the story’s tone or mood
Tips:
- Avoid passive voice and vague phrases
- Keep sentences short and punchy
- End with a clear resolution to satisfy readers
Further reading: Writing the Synopsis by Michael Marshall
How do I revise and polish my synopsis?
Review your synopsis for clarity, flow and grammar. Cut unnecessary words and ensure every sentence adds value. Reading aloud can help catch awkward phrasing. (Be careful when trimming a synopsis, that you don’t lose the meaning.)
Examples:
- Removing redundant phrases
- Checking consistency in tense and perspective
- Proofreading for spelling and punctuation
Tips:
- Ask others to read your synopsis and provide feedback
- Compare with successful synopsis examples in your genre
- Revise multiple times before submitting
Further reading: Self-Editing for Fiction Writers by Renni Browne and Dave King